Art Related issues
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There follow some generally accepted characteristics of art; after
this there is some lengthier discussion of several of those facets
perceived as universal or central to art:
encourages an intuitive understanding rather than a rational
understanding, as, for example, with an article in a scientific
journal;
was created with the intention of evoking such an understanding, or
an attempt at such an understanding, in the audience;
was created with no other purpose or function other than to be
itself (a radical, "pure art" definition);
elusive, in that the work may communicate on many different levels
of appreciation; one may take the example of Gericault's Raft of the
Medusa, in the case of which special knowledge concerning the
shipwreck the painting depicts is not a prerequisite to appreciating
it, but allows the appreciation of Gericault's political intentions
in the piece;
in relation to the above, the piece may offer itself to many
different interpretations, or, though it superficially depicts a
mundane event or object, invites reflection upon elevated themes; |
demonstrates a high level of ability or fluency within a medium;
this characteristic might be considered a point of contention, since
many modern artists (most notably, conceptual artists) do not
themselves create the works they conceive, or do not even create the
work in a conventional, demonstrative sense (one might think of
Tracey Emin's controversial My Bed);
the conferral of a particularly appealing or aesthetically
satisfying structure or form upon an original set of unrelated,
passive constituents.
Defining art
There is often confusion about the meaning of the term art because
multiple meanings of the word are used interchangeably. Individuals
use the word art to identify painting, as well as singing.SkillArt can connote a sense of trained ability or mastery of a medium.
An example of this is the contemporary young master Josignacio,
creator of Plastic Paint Medium. It can also simply refer to the
developed and efficient use of a language so as to convey meaning,
with immediacy and or depth.
A common view is that the epithet 'art' (particular in its elevated
sense) requires a certain level of creative expertise by the artist,
whether this be a demonstration of technical ability (such as one
might find in many works of the Renaissance or in the plays of
Shakespeare) or an originality in stylistic approach, or a
combination of these two.
For example, a common contemporary criticism of some modern painting
occurs along the lines of objecting to the apparent lack of skill or
ability required in the production of the artistic object. One might
take Tracey Emin's My Bed or Hirst's The Physical Impossibility of
Death in the Mind of Someone Living, as examples of pieces wherein
the artist exercised little to no traditionally recognized sets of
skills. In the first case, Emin simply slept (and engaged in other
activities) in her bed before placing the result in a gallery. She
has, however, been insistent that there is a high degree of
selection and arrangement in this work, which includes objects such
as underwear and bottles around the bed. In the second case, Hirst
came up with the conceptual design for the artwork. Although he
physically participated in the creation of this piece, he has left
the eventual creation of many other works to employed artisans.
These approaches are exemplary of a particular kind of contemporary
art: conceptual art.
The exclusionary view that art requires a certain skill level to
produce is often described as a lay critique. It derives from the
fact that in Western culture at least, art has traditionally been
pushed in the direction of representationalism, the literal
presentation of reality through literal images. On the other hand,
criticism has often been brought to bear on modern artists for
having no creative involvement whatsoever in their creations: one
might take Hirst's work again as emblematic of this approach. It may
be further noted that certain forms of art outside a Western
tradition, such as Islamic geometric designs and calligraphy,
Buddhist or Hindu mandalas and Celtic knot work, though they are
non-representational, still require a measure of skill and certain
creative involvement in their execution. |
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